Accessibility FAQs

DOJ Accessibility Ruling FAQS

Q: The ADA has always required us to meet accessibility guidelines. How is this different? 

Answer

While the ADA has always required public entities to ensure accessibility, the new rule from the Department of Justice (DOJ) establishes specific technical standards for digital content.

Previously, we could address accessibility on a case-by-case basis when a student requested an accommodation. Under the new rule, all digital content must meet accessibility guidelines proactively – no request needed.

Key changes:

  • Public entities must comply with the WCAG 2.1 Level AA success criteria for both web content and mobile apps.
  • The DOJ now provides clearer guidelines for compliance and allows individuals to file complaints about inaccessible digital resources.

Q: What does this mean for UA?

Answer

We must audit and update all our websites, course materials, and digital tools to meet accessibility standards.

Failing to comply could result in:

  • Lawsuits
  • Loss of federal funding (e.g., student grants, federal research money)
  • DOJ-imposed penalties

On a positive note, by meeting these standards, we ensure equal access to learning for students with disabilities, fostering a more inclusive and equitable educational environment.

Q: I am not a faculty member, does this apply to me?

Answer: Yes. The ruling applies to all digital content that people need to use to participate in the university. This includes website content, training guides, forms,  social media posts, emails, and any applications such as Workday, Microsoft, Stellic, Brightspace, and more.

Q: Where can I find more information about the new accessibility requirements?

Answer

We will continue to expand the resources on the KEEP C.A.L.M. web page.

Q: Are there any exceptions? 

Answer

Yes, there are 5 exceptions:

  1. archived web content
  2. preexisting conventional electronic documents, unless such documents are currently used to apply for, gain access to, or participate in the public entity's services, programs, or activities;
  3. content posted by a third party, unless the third party is posting due to contractual, licensing, or other arrangements with the public entity;
  4. conventional electronic documents that are about a specific individual, their property, or their account and that are password-protected or otherwise secured; and
  5. preexisting social media posts.

Q: Who is responsible for ensuring compliance?

Answer

Compliance is a shared responsibility. Faculty must ensure that their course materials meet accessibility standards. Web developers, instructional designers, and administrative staff must ensure that websites, apps, emails, and digital resources are accessible. The university will provide support and resources to help with this process. 

Q: What are the consequences of non-compliance?

Answer

Non-compliance can result in legal challenges, loss of federal funding, and penalties from the DOJ. More importantly, it can hinder students with disabilities from accessing essential educational resources.

 

 

Q: Is this connected to political agendas, such as those requiring academic content to be public, like the syllabus requirement in Ohio’s SB1?

Answer

No, this rule is not connected to political agendas or state-specific legislation. It was announced by the Department of Justice (DOJ) on April 24, 2024, as a federal initiative to address ongoing accessibility challenges.

The DOJ determined that voluntary compliance and individual legal actions have not been sufficient to ensure equal access for individuals with disabilities. To address this gap, the DOJ established specific technical standards for web content and mobile app accessibility. These standards are intended to provide consistent and predictable access to digital resources offered by public entities, including educational institutions.

Q: Why should I strive for accessibility?

Answer

Most accessibility enhancements increase usability for everyone, while they are essential for the inclusion of individuals with disabilities. For example, captioning a video will allow those who are deaf or hard of hearing to engage with your content. Similarly, formatting a website so that it can be read by a screen reader allows it to be navigated by an individual who is blind or vision impaired. Likewise, accessible websites allow individuals who may have mobility injuries to use only a keyboard or alternate input devices to use a website effectively. 

Q: What are the expectations of faculty and staff?

Answer

The new rule will require both enterprise-wide and local unit efforts to ensure that web content and mobile apps comply with the technical standards. All owners, managers and creators of web and mobile app content will need to understand how to comply with the technical standard. Staff and faculty will play a critical role in helping the University meet accessibility standards by taking steps to create and deliver accessible digital content.

Q: How does this impact academic courses?

Answer

Digital course content is to be treated like any other web or mobile app content. This would include digital content such as syllabi, readings and textbooks, recorded lectures and videos, slide decks, Brightspace pages, assignments and handouts, images and diagrams, all websites students are required to review, and all third-party digital applications that students are required to use.  

Q: Are you saying that all course content must be public?

Answer

No. The University of Akron is an institution whose services meet the needs of the public.  Therefore, all academic content must meet the accessibility requirements. The instructor’s content will not be made publicly available. 

Q: Am I required to make my old web content accessible?

Answer

If web content meets all four of the following criteria, it is “archived web content” and is not required to meet WCAG 2.1 AA.

It was created before April 24, 2026, or reproduces the contents of other physical media created before that date; and

It is kept only for reference, research, or recordkeeping; and

It is not altered or updated after the date of archiving; and

 It is organized and stored in a dedicated area or areas clearly identified as being archived.

Note: You may still have to provide web content in an accessible format if an individual requests it. See the DOJ rule on digital accessibility, paragraph 34.

 

Q: What does it mean to be “kept for reference, research, and recordkeeping”?

Answer

Web content that is “kept only for reference, research, and recordkeeping” cannot be used to participate in a current UA service, program, or activity.

Examples:

  • A PDF form that was created in 2022. If it must be filled out by students to participate in a current program, it must be made accessible.
  • If a library creates a new website that features historic documents, those historic documents must be accessible.
  • Board Meeting minutes from 2024 that are stored in an “archive” section of a website and not used by any class, program or activity are not required to be accessible.

Q: What is a dedicated area for archived content?

Answer

A dedicated area for archived content must have a clear, consistent label that identifies it as an archive. This can be a section of a site or a section of a page.

Q: Am I required to make documents that were created for a specific person accessible?

Answer

If content meets all three of the follow criteria, it is an “individualized conventional electronic document” and not required to comply with WCAG 2.1 AA.

  1. If it is a word processing, presentation, PDF, or spreadsheet file, and
  2. it is about a specific individual, their property, or their account, and
  3. it is password-protected or otherwise secure

Examples

  • A PDF version of a student’s transcript on a password-protected website is not required to be accessible
  • A PDF version of an individual employee’s worker documents on Workday is not required to be accessible

Note: You may still have to provide web content in an accessible format if an individual requests it. See the DOJ rule on digital accessibility, paragraph 34.

 

Q: Am I required to make my social media posts accessible?

Answer

If a post was created on social media before April 24, 2026, it is not required to comply with WCAG 2.1 AA. 

 

Q: What can I do now?

Answer

  1. Step 1: Summer 2025, Prepare
    1. Inventory and Archive Content. Delete or archive content that is no longer accurate, up-to-date, or relevant. A webpage or course without extra pages and files is easier to make accessible and easier for users to navigate effectively. Duplicated content can clutter your digital space and make it harder to manage accessibility.
    2. Learn about YuJa Panorama. https://support.yuja.com/hc/en-us/p/digital-accessibility
    3. Learn about WCAG 2.1 Level AA ….
  2. Step 2: Fall 2025, Apply
  3. Step 3: Spring 2026- Implement Sustain

Accessibility FAQs

Q: What is WCAG?

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are an internationally recognized set of recommendations for making web content more accessible to people with disabilities. Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), these guidelines provide universal standards for creating websites, web apps, and digital content can be used by people with various disabilities.

WCAG helps people with:

  • Visual impairments
  • Hearing disabilities
  • Motor limitations
  • Cognitive challenges
  • Neurological differences

Q: What is POUR (Perceivable, Operable, Understandable and Robust)?

WCAG is built around four core principles that form the acronym POUR: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable and Robust.

Perceivable

  • People must be able to perceive the information and user interface components, regardless of their abilities.
  • Content must be presented in ways that can be perceived through different senses
  • Provide text alternatives for non-text content
  • Create content that can be presented in different ways without losing meaning
  • Make it easier for users to see and hear content

Operable

  • User interface components and navigation must be operable for all users.
  • Ensure all functionality is available from a keyboard
  • Give users enough time to read and use content
  • Do not design content that could cause seizures
  • Provide ways to help users navigate, find content, and determine where they are

Understandable

  • Information and the operation of the user interface must be comprehensible.
  • Make text readable and understandable
  • Ensure web pages appear and operate in predictable ways
  • Help users avoid and correct mistakes in form inputs

Robust

  • Content must be robust enough to be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies.
  • Maximize compatibility with current and future user tools
  • Ensure content can be interpreted by different browsers and assistive technologies

These guiding principles provide a foundation to ensure that content:

  • can be received by a user’s senses,
  • can be navigated and operated, 
  • is likely to make sense, and,
  • will work with the end user’s technology and assistive technology.

Q: What is Included in WCAG Level 2.1?

Answer

  1. Keyboard Accessibility
    1. All functionality must be available using a keyboard
    2. No keyboard traps that prevent users from navigating away from an element
    3. Provide visible focus indicators
    4. Ensure logical keyboard navigation order
    5. Allow users to skip repetitive content
  2. Text Alternatives
    1. Provide text alternatives for non-text content (images, icons, buttons)
    2. Ensure alternative text conveys the same purpose or information
  3. Time-Based Media
    1. Provide alternatives for time-based media like video and audio
    2. Include captions for pre-recorded audio content
    3. Offer audio descriptions for video content
  4. Adaptable Content
    1. Ensure content can be presented in different ways without losing information
    2. Support different screen orientations and magnifications
  5. Distinguishable Elements
    1. Ensure sufficient color contrast for text and interactive elements
    2. Do not rely solely on color to convey information
  6. Text, Color & Contrast
    1. Maintain a minimum color contrast ratio of 4.5:1 for normal text
    2. Maintain 3:1 contrast for large text
    3. Ensure color is not the only means of conveying information
    4. Content must be readable and functional when text is resized up to 200%
    5. No loss of content or functionality when zoomed
  7. Multiple Ways to Access Content
    1. Provide multiple methods to find pages (search, site map, navigation)
    2. Create consistent navigation across the website
    3. Maintain consistent page layout
  8. Error Identification and Correction
    1. Clearly identify form input errors
    2. Provide specific error messages and suggestions
    3. Allow users to review and correct information before submission
    4. Use predictable mechanisms for identifying and correcting errors

Q: How can I make my course materials accessible?

Answer

Start by using accessible templates and tools provided by the university. Ensure that all documents, presentations, videos, and interactive content follow WCAG 2.1 Level AA guidelines. Register for training as it is announced.

Q: Where should I start?

Answer

Start with content you know you will be using in the Spring. Within those courses, start with issues that YuJa Panorama categorizes as major. And within those, start with content that is critical to teaching. For example, is it a lecture, an assignment, a reading or an exam? If your student could not access it, would there be learning loss?  Most of us will have decorative announcements or optional activates.  You could put those on your YuJa Panorama to do list,and focus first on the content that is critical for student learning.

Third Party Software

Q: What about Content I created by someone else?

Answer

All course content must meet WCAG guidelines. This includes third-party content. For example, if you link to or embed a YouTube video in your course, you are required to ensure it has accurate captions or provide a transcript as a text alternative — even if you did not create the video.

Faculty and Staff who procure content, like training courses, websites, platforms, software or apps, must ensure that content is accessible during the procurement process.

 

Q: What software/tools need to go through the procurement process?

Answer

All software that any member of the University must use to accomplish their job or meet a learning requirement must meet the requirement. The purchaser must request a VPAT (Voluntary Product Accessibility Template® ) from all existing vendors for software currently in use. For new acquisitions, the purchaser must request a VPAT from the vendor and confirm that the

We can provide a sample email to send to vendors.  Note that this DOJ ruling applies to all public educational (PK-20) and government entities in the United States. The request should not be a surprise to the vendor.

Email purchasing@uakron.edu for assistance.

Q: What training is available?

Answer

For faculty …

  • DYOAC
  • YuJa Panorama

For staff:

  • Staff are welcome to attend YuJa Panorama Training. 
  • Additional training for staff will also be offered soon. 

Register here:  https://uakron.libcal.com/calendar/DDS

Q: My website or course includes videos, audio files, images, documents, PDFs, and other file types. Does the policy apply to this content?

Answer

Yes. The Policy applies to all types of Digital Content, including any information or communication accessed or displayed in a digital format or medium, such as text, image, audio, or video.

 

Q: My website or course includes videos, audio files, images, documents, PDFs, and other file types created by a vendor or publisher.  Does the policy apply to this content?

Answer

Yes. The Policy applies to all types of Digital Content, including any information or communication accessed or displayed in a digital format or medium, such as text, image, audio, or video.

 

Q: I have just reviewed the WCAG guidelines, and I am concerned that my course does not conform to them. I do not have a technical background. What do I do?

Answer

First, don’t panic. We are in the process of implementing a tool, YuJa Panorama that will make it easier to correct issues and we are designing more training. We are all in this together and will need to all help each other.

 

Q: Is there a minimum range of accessibility that is acceptable or does the document need to be 100% accessible?

Answer

The DOJ ruling states that we must meet WCAG 2.1 Level AA. There is no range specified, it must be 100%.

Q: What if I did not create the document and I do not have permission to change it?

Answer

You will need to contact the document owner and explain that we must meet the accessibility requirement. The best option is to ask the document owner to correct the issues, especially if this is something you purchased such as textbook materials.  Alternatively, ask if you can provide a second version that meets the guidelines.

YuJa Panorama FAQs

Q. What is YuJa Panorama?

Answer

YuJa Panorama is a digital accessibility and remediation tool that also provides students with alternative formats of documents like ReadSpeaker.

  • In addition to the Content area, Panorama checks for accessibility issues in Content, Discussions, Assignments, Quizzes, and Widgets.
  • Panorama includes a real-time accessibility checker in the content editor within Brightspace.  As instructors create content, Panorama will instantly check to ensure it is accessible.
  • Panorama provides remediation guidance—including detailed how-to steps and videos—Panorama allows instructors to fix the most common accessibility issues directly within Brightspace itself.
  • Panorama provides a centralized dashboard for instructors, where you can remediate issues across courses, instead of going into each course individually.
  • Panorama only scans files (html, doc, excel, pdf ) that are stored in your course. External link files will not be scanned.
  • Files that are embedded within an HTML content page (like a Google Slideshow), will not be scanned.
  • Panorama can verify the existence of captions in YouTube videos. It does not scan Panopto videos for the presence of captions.  Panopto applies machine-generated captions automatically when a video is uploaded or created.

Q: Will YuJa Panorama fix all accessibility issues?

Answer: No. It will help a lot, but there are issues that cannot be fixed with YuJa Panorama. In many cases, it will tell you this.  Due to academic integrity concerns, YuJa Panorama cannot be used in Brightspace quizzes.

Q: What are alternative formats? Do I need to enable them?

Answer

Panorama offers a range of features to ensure that all students in a Brightspace course have a variety of ways to access digital files and course materials. This tool automatically generates alternative formats for course files to best suit learner needs.

For example, a student may need to listen to an audio podcast instead of reading a document; or use the Immersive Reader to read PowerPoint slides out loud.

Whether it's audio versions of text documents, HTML versions, or other alternative format options for content access, YuJa Panorama gives the learner control to access their preferred format, including on-the-go access via mobile devices.

YuJa Panorama automatically generates these formats, so no additional setup is needed. Students can choose their preferred format directly from the Brightspace interface.

 

Q: Are there any file size limits?

Answer

Yes, YuJa Panorama does have file size limits, as larger files can be challenging to process. Typically, files should be under 50MB for best performance. If your file exceeds this limit, try compressing it or splitting it into smaller sections before uploading to ensure it can be fully scanned and scored for accessibility.

Q: How does Panorama work with Brightspace quiz and discussion content?

Answer

Quizzes: Only content in the description is scanned for accessibility.  Alternative formats are provided only for the description, not quiz questions

Discussions: For discussions to be scanned, there must be content in the directions post.

Q: Can I use YuJa Panorama if I do not use Brightspace?

Answer: Yes. You can login to YuJa Panorama here using your UA credentials. You can upload documents and use YuJa Panorama to correct accessibility issues.